Liver cancer treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach aimed at eliminating or controlling the growth of cancer cells in the liver. The specific treatment plan depends on factors such as the stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and the underlying cause of the liver cancer. Here are common treatment modalities for liver cancer:

1. Surgery:

   • Resection: Removal of the tumor or a portion of the liver containing the tumor. This is often considered for early-stage liver cancers and requires sufficient liver function.
   • Liver Transplantation: In cases where the tumor is confined to the liver and the entire liver is affected, a liver transplant may be an option for eligible patients.

2. Ablation Therapy:

   • Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA): High-frequency electrical currents are used to heat and destroy cancer cells.
   • Microwave Ablation: Microwaves are employed to generate heat and eliminate cancer cells.
   • Cryoablation: Extreme cold is used to freeze and destroy cancerous tissue.

3. Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE):

   • A procedure where chemotherapy drugs are directly delivered into the blood vessels feeding the tumor, along with blocking these vessels to cut off the tumor's blood supply.

4. Targeted Therapy:

   • Medications that target specific molecules involved in cancer growth and progression. Sorafenib and lenvatinib are examples of targeted therapies used for advanced liver cancer.

5. Immunotherapy:

   • Treatment that stimulates the body's immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. Checkpoint inhibitors and immune modulators may be used in certain cases.

6. Chemotherapy:

   • Systemic treatment using drugs to kill or inhibit the growth of cancer cells. While less commonly used for liver cancer, it may be considered in specific situations.

7. Radiation Therapy:

   • External Beam Radiation: Precise doses of radiation are targeted at the tumor from outside the body.
   • Internal Radiation (Brachytherapy): Radioactive material is placed directly into or near the tumor.

8. Palliative Care:

   • Focuses on improving the quality of life for patients with advanced liver cancer by managing symptoms, pain, and providing emotional support.

9. Clinical Trials:

   • Participation in research studies that investigate new treatments or combinations of treatments.

The choice of treatment depends on factors like the stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and the presence of underlying liver conditions. Additionally, managing the underlying cause of liver cancer, such as hepatitis B or C infection or cirrhosis, is an integral part of the treatment plan.

It is crucial for patients to work closely with a team of healthcare professionals, including oncologists, surgeons, and other specialists, to determine the most appropriate and effective treatment strategy tailored to their individual circumstances. Regular follow-ups and ongoing monitoring are also essential to assess treatment effectiveness and manage potential side effects.